This issue tackles Health Insurance, the 2026 National Debate topic. Over the last half century, when pollsters ask Americans about the nation’s healthcare system, a majority have either had a negative or very negative opinion of healthcare in America. The problems cited often include inflated costs, with healthcare costing more in the United States than in much of the developed world, coupled with poor service. Much of this is due to the health insurance system, which has both access and affordability challenges. How can Americans reform the system? This issue of The Reference Shelf looks at the pros and cons of health insurance reform and asks whether the United States should adopt a national health service. Students engaged in this debate will find comprehensive coverage of this complex and politically charged issue.